El Dr. Michio Kaku, teórico de física avanzada y futurista, explora la ciencia de vanguardia y la tecnología punta. Este reputado científico demostrará como la humanidad está en un momento decisivo de la historia, al estelarizar una histórica transición de la Era del Descubrimiento a la Era de la Maestría. A través de este especial de History de tres horas, el Dr. Kaku pondrá en evidencia cómo el hombre está dejando de ser un observador pasivo de la naturaleza para asumir un rol activo frente a ella, respaldado por todas estas innovaciones tecnológicas. Mostrará, así mismo, cómo esta inédita coyuntura brinda unas posibilidades incomparables, a la vez que implica grandes responsabilidades. Este reconocido científico se adentrará en La Revolución Cuántica, la cual podría transformar muchas ideas de la ciencia ficción en hechos científicos: desde meta-materiales con propiedades tan asombrosas como la invisibilidad, hasta energía cuántica ilimitada, superconductores a temperatura ambiente y ascensores espaciales! ...como el soñado por Arthur C. Clarke.
Showing posts with label quantum mechanics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label quantum mechanics. Show all posts
3.25.2010
La Revolución Cuántica - Visiones del Futuro
3.17.2010
Mind over Matter
The sixth program from the "Mind Over Matter" series (Thames, 1980), in which eyesight and electron microscope researcher Dr. Kit Pedler and TV presenter, producer and writer Tony Bastable discuss how so-callled "paranormal" mental phenomena is compatible with quantum theory principles.
2.05.2010
Physicist Discovers How to Teleport Energy
· First, they teleported photons, then atoms and ions. Now one physicist has worked out how to do it with energy, a technique that has profound implications for the future of physics.
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/24759/
The technique relies on the strange quantum phenomenon called entanglement, in which two particles share the same existence. This deep connection means that a measurement on one particle immediately influences the other, even though they are light-years apart. Bennett and company worked out how to exploit this to send information. (The influence between the particles may be immediate, but the process does not violate relativity because some informatiom has to be sent classically at the speed of light.) They called the technique teleportation.
[...]
But Masahiro Hotta at Tohoku University in Japan has come up with a much more exotic idea. Why not use the same quantum principles to teleport energy?
[...]
All this is possible because there are always quantum fluctuations in the energy of any particle. The teleportation process allows you to inject quantum energy at one point in the universe and then exploit quantum energy fluctuations to extract it from another point. Of course, the energy of the system as whole is unchanged.
[...]
There is a growing sense that the properties of the universe are best described not by the laws that govern matter but by the laws that govern information. This appears to be true for the quantum world, is certainly true for special relativity, and is currently being explored for general relativity. Having a way to handle energy on the same footing may help to draw these diverse strands together.
Energy-Entanglement Relation for Quantum Energy Teleportation
· Masahiro Hotta ·
· Masahiro Hotta ·
1.17.2010
1.11.2010
Golden Ratio Discovered in Quantum World
· Hidden Symmetry Observed for the First Time in Solid State Matter.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-01/haog-grd010510.php
[And, the scientific document (for sale...): "Quantum Criticality in an Ising Chain: Experimental Evidence for Emergent E8 Symmetry". An excerpt...]
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-01/haog-grd010510.php
Researchers from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), in cooperation with colleagues from Oxford and Bristol Universities, as well as the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, have for the first time observed a nanoscale symmetry hidden in solid state matter. They have measured the signatures of a symmetry showing the same attributes as the golden ratio famous from art and architecture. The research team is publishing these findings in Science on the 8th January.
On the atomic scale particles do not behave as we know it in the macro-atomic world. New properties emerge which are the result of an effect known as the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. In order to study these nanoscale quantum effects the researchers have focused on the magnetic material cobalt niobate. It consists of linked magnetic atoms, which form chains just like a very thin bar magnet, but only one atom wide and are a useful model for describing ferromagnetism on the nanoscale in solid state matter.
When applying a magnetic field at right angles to an aligned spin the magnetic chain will transform into a new state called quantum critical, which can be thought of as a quantum version of a fractal pattern. Prof. Alan Tennant, the leader of the Berlin group, explains "The system reaches a quantum uncertain – or a Schrödinger cat state. This is what we did in our experiments with cobalt niobate. We have tuned the system exactly in order to turn it quantum critical."
By tuning the system and artificially introducing more quantum uncertainty the researchers observed that the chain of atoms acts like a nanoscale guitar string. Dr. Radu Coldea from Oxford University, who is the principal author of the paper and drove the international project from its inception a decade ago until the present, explains: "Here the tension comes from the interaction between spins causing them to magnetically resonate. For these interactions we found a series (scale) of resonant notes: The first two notes show a perfect relationship with each other. Their frequencies (pitch) are in the ratio of 1.618…, which is the golden ratio famous from art and architecture." Radu Coldea is convinced that this is no coincidence. "It reflects a beautiful property of the quantum system – a hidden symmetry. Actually quite a special one called E8 by mathematicians, and this is its first observation in a material", he explains.
The observed resonant states in cobalt niobate are a dramatic laboratory illustration of the way in which mathematical theories developed for particle physics may find application in nanoscale science and ultimately in future technology. Prof. Tennant remarks on the perfect harmony found in quantum uncertainty instead of disorder. "Such discoveries are leading physicists to speculate that the quantum, atomic scale world may have its own underlying order. Similar surprises may await researchers in other materials in the quantum critical state."
Read more...On the atomic scale particles do not behave as we know it in the macro-atomic world. New properties emerge which are the result of an effect known as the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. In order to study these nanoscale quantum effects the researchers have focused on the magnetic material cobalt niobate. It consists of linked magnetic atoms, which form chains just like a very thin bar magnet, but only one atom wide and are a useful model for describing ferromagnetism on the nanoscale in solid state matter.
When applying a magnetic field at right angles to an aligned spin the magnetic chain will transform into a new state called quantum critical, which can be thought of as a quantum version of a fractal pattern. Prof. Alan Tennant, the leader of the Berlin group, explains "The system reaches a quantum uncertain – or a Schrödinger cat state. This is what we did in our experiments with cobalt niobate. We have tuned the system exactly in order to turn it quantum critical."
By tuning the system and artificially introducing more quantum uncertainty the researchers observed that the chain of atoms acts like a nanoscale guitar string. Dr. Radu Coldea from Oxford University, who is the principal author of the paper and drove the international project from its inception a decade ago until the present, explains: "Here the tension comes from the interaction between spins causing them to magnetically resonate. For these interactions we found a series (scale) of resonant notes: The first two notes show a perfect relationship with each other. Their frequencies (pitch) are in the ratio of 1.618…, which is the golden ratio famous from art and architecture." Radu Coldea is convinced that this is no coincidence. "It reflects a beautiful property of the quantum system – a hidden symmetry. Actually quite a special one called E8 by mathematicians, and this is its first observation in a material", he explains.
The observed resonant states in cobalt niobate are a dramatic laboratory illustration of the way in which mathematical theories developed for particle physics may find application in nanoscale science and ultimately in future technology. Prof. Tennant remarks on the perfect harmony found in quantum uncertainty instead of disorder. "Such discoveries are leading physicists to speculate that the quantum, atomic scale world may have its own underlying order. Similar surprises may await researchers in other materials in the quantum critical state."
[And, the scientific document (for sale...): "Quantum Criticality in an Ising Chain: Experimental Evidence for Emergent E8 Symmetry". An excerpt...]
"Quantum phase transitions take place between distinct phases of matter at zero temperature. Near the transition point, exotic quantum symmetries can emerge that govern the excitation spectrum of the system. A symmetry described by the E8 Lie group with a spectrum of eight particles was long predicted to appear near the critical point of an Ising chain. We realize this system experimentally by using strong transverse magnetic fields to tune the quasi–one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet CoNb2O6 (cobalt niobate) through its critical point. Spin excitations are observed to change character from pairs of kinks in the ordered phase to spin-flips in the paramagnetic phase. Just below the critical field, the spin dynamics shows a fine structure with two sharp modes at low energies, in a ratio that approaches the golden mean predicted for the first two meson particles of the E8 spectrum. Our results demonstrate the power of symmetry to describe complex quantum behaviors."
12.28.2009
Evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling detected in nanowires
http://news.illinois.edu/news/09/0527tunneling.html
A team of researchers at the University of Illinois has demonstrated that, counter to classical Newtonian mechanics, an entire collection of superconducting electrons in an ultrathin superconducting wire is able to “tunnel” as a pack from a state with a higher electrical current to one with a notably lower current, providing more evidence of the phenomenon of macroscopic quantum tunneling.
Physics professors Alexey Bezryadin and Paul Goldbart led the team, with graduate student Mitrabhanu Sahu performing the bulk of the measurements. Their research was published on the Web site of the journal Nature Physics on May 17.
Quantum tunneling is the capability of a particle to inhabit regions of space that would normally be off-limits according to classical mechanics. This research observes a process called a quantum phase slip, whereby packs of roughly 100,000 electrons tunnel together from higher electrical current states to lower ones. The energy locked in the motion of the electrons as they phase slip is dissipated as heat, causing the nanowires to switch from a superconducting state to a more highly resistive one.
It’s through this switching of states that allows the tunneling of the phase slip to be observed, the researchers say.
Goldbart, who is also a researcher at the university’s Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, describes a quantum phase slip as a phenomenon that allows the spatially extended structure of superconductivity “to undergo a kind of quantum mechanical rip or tear, one where the entire extended behavior of the superconductivity tunnels its way through a classically forbidden set of configurations.”
“Semiconductors, insulators and metals all hinge upon the ability of particles to make it through classically forbidden regions, despite apparently having negative kinetic energy there, as quantum physics allows,” Goldbart said.
In Newton’s world, according to Goldbart, particles would be reflected from such regions.
Although quantum mechanics governs the realm of atoms and molecules and smaller, quantum phenomena sometimes “leak up” to macroscopic scales, he said.
Read more...
Physics professors Alexey Bezryadin and Paul Goldbart led the team, with graduate student Mitrabhanu Sahu performing the bulk of the measurements. Their research was published on the Web site of the journal Nature Physics on May 17.
Quantum tunneling is the capability of a particle to inhabit regions of space that would normally be off-limits according to classical mechanics. This research observes a process called a quantum phase slip, whereby packs of roughly 100,000 electrons tunnel together from higher electrical current states to lower ones. The energy locked in the motion of the electrons as they phase slip is dissipated as heat, causing the nanowires to switch from a superconducting state to a more highly resistive one.
It’s through this switching of states that allows the tunneling of the phase slip to be observed, the researchers say.
Goldbart, who is also a researcher at the university’s Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, describes a quantum phase slip as a phenomenon that allows the spatially extended structure of superconductivity “to undergo a kind of quantum mechanical rip or tear, one where the entire extended behavior of the superconductivity tunnels its way through a classically forbidden set of configurations.”
“Semiconductors, insulators and metals all hinge upon the ability of particles to make it through classically forbidden regions, despite apparently having negative kinetic energy there, as quantum physics allows,” Goldbart said.
In Newton’s world, according to Goldbart, particles would be reflected from such regions.
Although quantum mechanics governs the realm of atoms and molecules and smaller, quantum phenomena sometimes “leak up” to macroscopic scales, he said.
“Observing switching events in superconducting nanowires at high-bias currents provides strong evidence for quantum phase slips. Our experiments provide further evidence that the laws of quantum mechanics continue to govern large systems, composed of many thousands of electrons, acting as a single entity.”
9.04.2009
Relativistic Relativity
· A hypothetical study into the relativistic symmetry between celestial and quantum objects.
http://www.gpofr.com/documents/realitivistic%20relativity.pdf
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http://www.gpofr.com/documents/realitivistic%20relativity.pdf
by Robert L. DeMelo
Abstract
This paper examines the hypothetical possibility of relativistic symmetry between the celestial and quantum realms based solely on a scale difference between the two systems and the concept of space-time density derived from Einstein’s curvature of space. The exploratory analysis presented in this paper derives two surprising mathematical coincidences including a new scale relativity mass equation which calculates Jupiter's relativistic mass (1.898x1027 kilograms) to the numerical value of an electron charge (1.6x10-19 coulombs) exactly. This simple equation strongly suggests a direct mathematical relation between charge and mass, gives credence to the likelihood that the Universe is fractal in nature and that dimension changes with scale. Essentially this equation possibly unites our perception of mass at the celestial scale to that of charge at quantum scale which has enormous implications for all of physics.
Abstract
This paper examines the hypothetical possibility of relativistic symmetry between the celestial and quantum realms based solely on a scale difference between the two systems and the concept of space-time density derived from Einstein’s curvature of space. The exploratory analysis presented in this paper derives two surprising mathematical coincidences including a new scale relativity mass equation which calculates Jupiter's relativistic mass (1.898x1027 kilograms) to the numerical value of an electron charge (1.6x10-19 coulombs) exactly. This simple equation strongly suggests a direct mathematical relation between charge and mass, gives credence to the likelihood that the Universe is fractal in nature and that dimension changes with scale. Essentially this equation possibly unites our perception of mass at the celestial scale to that of charge at quantum scale which has enormous implications for all of physics.
Basically, I calculated a value called "S". It's a scale constant between quantum and celestial systems. My hypothesis in the theory are that atoms are simply star system in a different space-time density (or velocity frame of reference). It's more complex then this one sentence. In this theoretical model, gas giants are electrons. From the value of S I've been able to derive Jupiter's mass to the numerical value of an electron charge which is a fundamental value in physics. Basically, the "concept" of scale is unchanging between quantum and celestial objects, or what we call invariant. This concept isn't new, but my exact hypothesis is and so is the value of S.Read more...
There are a few implications. First, it unites Newton's and Einstein's work with modern quantum theory. To me this is big. Second, and perhaps the most practically useful, it gives rise to some very interesting technology. In this theoretical model, the speed of light is not a limit, but is still a constant. Basically, you can go faster than the speed of light not only for travel but also for communication.
6.22.2009
Australian scientists close to solving mystery of teleportation
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,25669608-5005941,00.html?referrer=email&source=DT_email_nl
Australian scientists have developed a new method for transmitting data with light that may lead to super-fast quantum computers and teleportation technology.
The research team from the Australian National University developed a new approach to generating quantum entanglement in beams of light using only two parts.
Quantum entanglement is a process in which two objects are linked together in such a way that any changes to the properties of one can be measured from the other regardless of the distance between them.
This process of linking particles has existed for a few years but team leader Dr Jiri Janousek says this new method allows it to be achieved in a much simpler way.
Read more...
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Australian scientists have developed a new method for transmitting data with light that may lead to super-fast quantum computers and teleportation technology.
The research team from the Australian National University developed a new approach to generating quantum entanglement in beams of light using only two parts.
Quantum entanglement is a process in which two objects are linked together in such a way that any changes to the properties of one can be measured from the other regardless of the distance between them.
This process of linking particles has existed for a few years but team leader Dr Jiri Janousek says this new method allows it to be achieved in a much simpler way.
Read more...
5.05.2009
Is Quantum Mechanics Controlling Your Thoughts?
·Science's weirdest realm may be responsible for photosynthesis, our sense of smell, and even consciousness itself.
http://discovermagazine.com/2009/feb/13-is-quantum-mechanics-controlling-your-thoughts/article_view?b_start:int=0&-C=
http://discovermagazine.com/2009/feb/13-is-quantum-mechanics-controlling-your-thoughts/article_view?b_start:int=0&-C=
Graham Fleming sits down at an L-shaped lab bench, occupying a footprint about the size of two parking spaces. Alongside him, a couple of off-the-shelf lasers spit out pulses of light just millionths of a billionth of a second long. After snaking through a jagged path of mirrors and lenses, these minuscule flashes disappear into a smoky black box containing proteins from green sulfur bacteria, which ordinarily obtain their energy and nourishment from the sun. Inside the black box, optics manufactured to billionths-of-a-meter precision detect something extraordinary: Within the bacterial proteins, dancing electrons make seemingly impossible leaps and appear to inhabit multiple places at once.
Peering deep into these proteins, Fleming and his colleagues at the University of California at Berkeley and at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered the driving engine of a key step in photosynthesis, the process by which plants and some microorganisms convert water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into oxygen and carbohydrates. More efficient by far in its ability to convert energy than any operation devised by man, this cascade helps drive almost all life on earth. Remarkably, photosynthesis appears to derive its ferocious efficiency not from the familiar physical laws that govern the visible world but from the seemingly exotic rules of quantum mechanics, the physics of the subatomic world. Somehow, in every green plant or photosynthetic bacterium, the two disparate realms of physics not only meet but mesh harmoniously. Welcome to the strange new world of quantum biology.
Read more...
Peering deep into these proteins, Fleming and his colleagues at the University of California at Berkeley and at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered the driving engine of a key step in photosynthesis, the process by which plants and some microorganisms convert water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into oxygen and carbohydrates. More efficient by far in its ability to convert energy than any operation devised by man, this cascade helps drive almost all life on earth. Remarkably, photosynthesis appears to derive its ferocious efficiency not from the familiar physical laws that govern the visible world but from the seemingly exotic rules of quantum mechanics, the physics of the subatomic world. Somehow, in every green plant or photosynthetic bacterium, the two disparate realms of physics not only meet but mesh harmoniously. Welcome to the strange new world of quantum biology.
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