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6.25.2009
Are we witnessing the end of science?
·Almost all the great revolutions in scientific thinking may be behind us, but the way modern science is conducted stifles radical new ideas.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2009/jun/22/end-science-unified-theory-mavericks
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2009/jun/22/end-science-unified-theory-mavericks
Wired magazine is well known for its catchy cover lines. I won't forget one from 2007. Alongside a mocked-up image of a yellowing lab notebook and magnifying lens, it proclaimed: "The end of science: The quest for science used to begin with grand theories; now it begins with massive amounts of data."
Scientists and science commentators often say that if yesterday's science needed outstanding individuals such as Darwin and Einstein, tomorrow's theories will be shaped by the vast quantities of data pouring forth from networked computers and from the labours of big research teams working in areas such as particle physics, the human genome and astronomy.
[...]
Will we never witness a scientific revolution again? And will tomorrow's theories be guided by big data rather than revolutionary ideas?
These questions were asked to particle physicist Alison Wright, chief editor of the journal Nature Physics and to Lewis Wolpert, pioneering biologist from University College London, in a debate about the future if science.
Read more...Scientists and science commentators often say that if yesterday's science needed outstanding individuals such as Darwin and Einstein, tomorrow's theories will be shaped by the vast quantities of data pouring forth from networked computers and from the labours of big research teams working in areas such as particle physics, the human genome and astronomy.
[...]
Will we never witness a scientific revolution again? And will tomorrow's theories be guided by big data rather than revolutionary ideas?
These questions were asked to particle physicist Alison Wright, chief editor of the journal Nature Physics and to Lewis Wolpert, pioneering biologist from University College London, in a debate about the future if science.
Una de cada 10 personas que intercambian archivos en internet cree que hace algo ilegal
·Y el 86% ha manifestado no sentirse influido por "las campañas oficiales contra la piratería".
http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=623983&idseccio_PK=1012
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http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=623983&idseccio_PK=1012
El 87% de los usuarios participantes en una encuesta opinan que al descargarse contenido de una red de intercambio de archivos o redes 'Peer to Peer' (P2P) no están cometiendo ningún acto ilegal, según un estudio realizado por el portal de tecnología MuyComputer'.
Así, una "amplia mayoría" está en contra de que las descargas en redes de intercambio de archivos puedan plantearse como una actividad ilegal, aunque el 51% teme que las leyes "acaben obligando a su proveedor de acceso a Internet a desconectar su conexión de banda ancha por utilizar redes P2P". Además, el 86% ha manifestado no sentirse influido por "las campañas oficiales contra la piratería de música y películas".
[...]
Favorece la difusión cultural
Preguntados sobre la posibilidad de que las redes P2P favorezcan la difusión de la cultura, un 59% de los usuarios consultados lo creen así, pero "dependiendo del uso que se haga de ellas", mientras que un 36% responde con un "sí, absolutamente".
El Informe de MuyComputer ha sido elaborado "sin entrar a valorar las redes P2P, queriendo reflejar solo la percepción de los usuarios avanzados de Internet". La encuesta se elaboró en un periodo de medición de datos comprendido entre el 27 de mayo y el 22 de junio con la participación de 3.830 usuarios de banda ancha "con conocimientos suficientes para conectarse a redes de intercambio de archivos desde su casa".
Leer más...Así, una "amplia mayoría" está en contra de que las descargas en redes de intercambio de archivos puedan plantearse como una actividad ilegal, aunque el 51% teme que las leyes "acaben obligando a su proveedor de acceso a Internet a desconectar su conexión de banda ancha por utilizar redes P2P". Además, el 86% ha manifestado no sentirse influido por "las campañas oficiales contra la piratería de música y películas".
[...]
Favorece la difusión cultural
Preguntados sobre la posibilidad de que las redes P2P favorezcan la difusión de la cultura, un 59% de los usuarios consultados lo creen así, pero "dependiendo del uso que se haga de ellas", mientras que un 36% responde con un "sí, absolutamente".
El Informe de MuyComputer ha sido elaborado "sin entrar a valorar las redes P2P, queriendo reflejar solo la percepción de los usuarios avanzados de Internet". La encuesta se elaboró en un periodo de medición de datos comprendido entre el 27 de mayo y el 22 de junio con la participación de 3.830 usuarios de banda ancha "con conocimientos suficientes para conectarse a redes de intercambio de archivos desde su casa".
6.23.2009
A new type of virus... Hoping it's pandemic!
[That's right! Unstoppable!!! Happy Summer Solstice! -INPhobe]
Crop Circles -2009 Update- Italy
[From Italy...
Formation @ Cascina Martina - Riva Presso Chieri, Torino - reported June 20, 2009]
Formation @ Cascina Martina - Riva Presso Chieri, Torino - reported June 20, 2009]
Prototype phone recharges without wires
http://ca.tech.yahoo.com/blogs/the_working_guy/rss/article/3638
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Pardon the cliche, but it's one of the holiest of Holy Grails of technology: Wireless power. And while early lab experiments have been able to "beam" electricity a few feet to power a light bulb, the day when our laptops and cell phones can charge without having to plug them in to a wall socket still seems decades in the future.
Nokia, however, has taken another baby step in that direction with the invention of a cell phone that recharges itself using a unique system: It harvests ambient radio waves from the air, and turns that energy into usable power. Enough, at least, to keep a cell phone from running out of juice.
While "traditional" (if there is such a thing) wireless power systems are specifically designed with a transmitter and receiver in mind, Nokia's system isn't finicky about where it gets its wireless waves. TV, radio, other mobile phone systems -- all of this stuff just bounces around the air and most of it is wasted, absorbed into the environment or scattered into the ether. Nokia picks up all the bits and pieces of these waves and uses the collected electromagnetic energy to create electrical current, then uses that to recharge the phone's battery. A huge range of frequencies can be utilized by the system (there's no other way, really, as the energy in any given wave is infinitesimal). It's the same idea that Tesla was exploring 100 years ago, just on a tiny scale.
Read more...Nokia, however, has taken another baby step in that direction with the invention of a cell phone that recharges itself using a unique system: It harvests ambient radio waves from the air, and turns that energy into usable power. Enough, at least, to keep a cell phone from running out of juice.
While "traditional" (if there is such a thing) wireless power systems are specifically designed with a transmitter and receiver in mind, Nokia's system isn't finicky about where it gets its wireless waves. TV, radio, other mobile phone systems -- all of this stuff just bounces around the air and most of it is wasted, absorbed into the environment or scattered into the ether. Nokia picks up all the bits and pieces of these waves and uses the collected electromagnetic energy to create electrical current, then uses that to recharge the phone's battery. A huge range of frequencies can be utilized by the system (there's no other way, really, as the energy in any given wave is infinitesimal). It's the same idea that Tesla was exploring 100 years ago, just on a tiny scale.
Work begins on world's deepest underground lab
http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_SCI_UNDERGROUND_SCIENCE?SITE=MAFIT&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
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Far below the Black Hills of South Dakota, crews are building the world's deepest underground science lab at a depth equivalent to more than six Empire State buildings - a place uniquely suited to scientists' quest for mysterious particles known as dark matter.
Scientists, politicians and other officials gathered Monday for a groundbreaking of sorts at a lab 4,850 foot below the surface of an old gold mine that was once the site of Nobel Prize-winning physics research.
The site is ideal for experiments because its location is largely shielded from cosmic rays that could interfere with efforts to prove the existence of dark matter, which is thought to make up nearly a quarter of the mass of the universe.
[...]
The first dark matter experiment will be the Large Underground Xenon detector experiment - or LUX - a project to detect weakly interacting particles that could give scientists greater insight into the Big Bang explosion believed to have formed the universe.
Shutt, along with Brown University's Rick Gaitskell and nearly a dozen collaborators will work at the site to search for dark matter, which does not emit detectable light or radiation. But scientists say its presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter.
Scientists believe most of the dark matter in the universe contains no atoms and does not interact with ordinary matter through electromagnetic forces. They are trying to discover exactly what it is, how much exists and what effect it may have on the future of the universe.
Read more...Scientists, politicians and other officials gathered Monday for a groundbreaking of sorts at a lab 4,850 foot below the surface of an old gold mine that was once the site of Nobel Prize-winning physics research.
The site is ideal for experiments because its location is largely shielded from cosmic rays that could interfere with efforts to prove the existence of dark matter, which is thought to make up nearly a quarter of the mass of the universe.
[...]
The first dark matter experiment will be the Large Underground Xenon detector experiment - or LUX - a project to detect weakly interacting particles that could give scientists greater insight into the Big Bang explosion believed to have formed the universe.
Shutt, along with Brown University's Rick Gaitskell and nearly a dozen collaborators will work at the site to search for dark matter, which does not emit detectable light or radiation. But scientists say its presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter.
Scientists believe most of the dark matter in the universe contains no atoms and does not interact with ordinary matter through electromagnetic forces. They are trying to discover exactly what it is, how much exists and what effect it may have on the future of the universe.
Call for public inquiry into London's 7/7 Bombing
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article6539369.ece
[For those that still have not seen '7/7 Ripple Effect'...]
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An independent public inquiry should be held into how suicide terrorists were able to carry out the July 7 bombings, Scotland Yard’s former head of counter-terrorism says.
Andy Hayman, who was Assistant Commissioner for Special Operations at the time of the bombings in 2005, is the first figure from the security establishment to break ranks and call for an open inquiry.
Almost four years after Mohammad Sidique Khan and his Leeds-based cell carried out the bombings, Mr Hayman says that he is “uncomfortable” with the official position that an inquiry would divert resources from the fight against terrorism. In his book, The Terrorist Hunters, extracts from which are published in The Times today, Mr Hayman says: “Incidents of less gravity have attracted the status of a public inquiry — train crashes, a death in custody, and even other terrorist attacks. How can there not be a full, independent public inquiry into the deaths of 52 commuters on London’s transport system?
“There has been no overview, no pulling together of each strand of review, no one can be sure if key issues have been missed.”
Survivors of the July 7 bombings and families of the victims are taking High Court action over the refusal to grant them an independent inquiry.
Read more...Andy Hayman, who was Assistant Commissioner for Special Operations at the time of the bombings in 2005, is the first figure from the security establishment to break ranks and call for an open inquiry.
Almost four years after Mohammad Sidique Khan and his Leeds-based cell carried out the bombings, Mr Hayman says that he is “uncomfortable” with the official position that an inquiry would divert resources from the fight against terrorism. In his book, The Terrorist Hunters, extracts from which are published in The Times today, Mr Hayman says: “Incidents of less gravity have attracted the status of a public inquiry — train crashes, a death in custody, and even other terrorist attacks. How can there not be a full, independent public inquiry into the deaths of 52 commuters on London’s transport system?
“There has been no overview, no pulling together of each strand of review, no one can be sure if key issues have been missed.”
Survivors of the July 7 bombings and families of the victims are taking High Court action over the refusal to grant them an independent inquiry.
[For those that still have not seen '7/7 Ripple Effect'...]
Air France "Black Box" Signals Located
http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/06/23/world/international-uk-france-crash.html
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Signals from the flight data recorders of the Air France airliner that crashed into the Atlantic killing all 228 people on board have been located, Le Monde newspaper said on its website Tuesday.
An Air France spokeswoman said she could not confirm the report. The Transport Ministry and the air accident investigation office could not be reached immediately for comment.
Le Monde said French naval vessels had picked up a weak signal from the flight recorders and that a mini submarine had been dispatched Monday to try and find the "black boxes" on the bottom of the rugged ocean floor.
[...]
French vessels involved in the search operation include a nuclear submarine with advanced sonar equipment and a research ship equipped with mini submarines.
The remote location in the Atlantic as well as the depth and surface of the ocean floor have made the search especially difficult and the wreckage could lie anywhere between a depth of 1 km (0.6 miles) and 4 km (2.5 miles).
Read more...An Air France spokeswoman said she could not confirm the report. The Transport Ministry and the air accident investigation office could not be reached immediately for comment.
Le Monde said French naval vessels had picked up a weak signal from the flight recorders and that a mini submarine had been dispatched Monday to try and find the "black boxes" on the bottom of the rugged ocean floor.
[...]
Locator beacons, known as "pingers," on the flight recorders send an electronic impulse every second for at least 30 days. The signal can be heard up to 2 km (1.2 miles) away.
[...]French vessels involved in the search operation include a nuclear submarine with advanced sonar equipment and a research ship equipped with mini submarines.
The remote location in the Atlantic as well as the depth and surface of the ocean floor have made the search especially difficult and the wreckage could lie anywhere between a depth of 1 km (0.6 miles) and 4 km (2.5 miles).
Vatican’s Celestial Eye, Seeking Not Angels but Data
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/science/23Vatican.html?_r=1&hpw
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[...]
“Got it. O.K., it’s happy,” says Christopher J. Corbally, the Jesuit priest who is vice director of the Vatican Observatory Research Group, as he sits in the control room making adjustments. The idea is not to watch for omens or angels but to do workmanlike astronomy that fights the perception that science and Catholicism necessarily conflict [Perception, is it?].
[...]
The Roman Catholic Church’s interest in the stars began with purely practical concerns when in the 16th century Pope Gregory XIII called on astronomy to correct for the fact that the Julian calendar had fallen out of sync with the sky. In 1789, the Vatican opened an observatory in the Tower of the Winds, which it later relocated to a hill behind St. Peter’s Dome. In the 1930s, church astronomers moved to Castel Gandolfo, the pope’s summer residence. As Rome’s illumination, the electrical kind, spread to the countryside, the church began looking for a mountaintop in a dark corner of Arizona.
Building on Mount Graham was a struggle. Apaches said the observatory was an affront to the mountain spirits. Environmentalists said it was a menace to a subspecies of red squirrel. There were protests and threats of sabotage. It wasn’t until 1995, three years after the edict of Inquisition was lifted against Galileo, that the Vatican’s new telescope made its first scientific observations.
Read more...“Got it. O.K., it’s happy,” says Christopher J. Corbally, the Jesuit priest who is vice director of the Vatican Observatory Research Group, as he sits in the control room making adjustments. The idea is not to watch for omens or angels but to do workmanlike astronomy that fights the perception that science and Catholicism necessarily conflict [Perception, is it?].
[...]
The Roman Catholic Church’s interest in the stars began with purely practical concerns when in the 16th century Pope Gregory XIII called on astronomy to correct for the fact that the Julian calendar had fallen out of sync with the sky. In 1789, the Vatican opened an observatory in the Tower of the Winds, which it later relocated to a hill behind St. Peter’s Dome. In the 1930s, church astronomers moved to Castel Gandolfo, the pope’s summer residence. As Rome’s illumination, the electrical kind, spread to the countryside, the church began looking for a mountaintop in a dark corner of Arizona.
Building on Mount Graham was a struggle. Apaches said the observatory was an affront to the mountain spirits. Environmentalists said it was a menace to a subspecies of red squirrel. There were protests and threats of sabotage. It wasn’t until 1995, three years after the edict of Inquisition was lifted against Galileo, that the Vatican’s new telescope made its first scientific observations.
6.22.2009
UFO-spotting Turkish night-watchman regards aliens as 'the world's policemen'
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2009/0622/1224249263841.html
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The images 51-year-old Yalcin Yalman has filmed, since 2007 from the suburban Istanbul holiday village where he works as a night-watchman, have helped turn UFO-spotting, once the object of scorn, into a popular pastime among educated Turks.
“For me it’s just a hobby, a way of passing the night,” Yalman shrugged outside an Istanbul conference centre where more than 1,000 people had paid 35 lira (€16), a handsome sum by local standards, to listen to him and ufologists from around the world reveal their latest findings.
[...]
“These are the most remarkable images taken in Turkish history,” Haktan Akdogan, the organiser of last weekend’s International UFO and New Age Congress, said, sitting in the central Istanbul office of the Sirius UFO Space Science Studies Centre, which he set up in 1997.
“The authorities can no longer turn a blind eye to this phenomenon.”
Read more...“For me it’s just a hobby, a way of passing the night,” Yalman shrugged outside an Istanbul conference centre where more than 1,000 people had paid 35 lira (€16), a handsome sum by local standards, to listen to him and ufologists from around the world reveal their latest findings.
[...]
“These are the most remarkable images taken in Turkish history,” Haktan Akdogan, the organiser of last weekend’s International UFO and New Age Congress, said, sitting in the central Istanbul office of the Sirius UFO Space Science Studies Centre, which he set up in 1997.
“The authorities can no longer turn a blind eye to this phenomenon.”
Is Moore's Law about to die?
http://ca.tech.yahoo.com/blogs/the_gadget_hound/rss/article/3647
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It's one of the most famous maxims in the technology world: Moore's Law, originally conceived by Intel's Gordon Moore in 1965, posits that the number of transistors on a circuit will double every 1 1/2 to 2 years. That has held true -- like a rock -- since it was envisioned, from the 2,300 transistors on an Intel 4004 to the 2 billion or so transistors on a quad-core Itanium produced today.
But even Moore has cautioned that the Law won't be sustainable forever. The limits of physics -- the size and characteristics of electrons that have to move through these circuits, for example -- mandate that at some point, we'll either have to stop shrinking transistors (which is how you fit more and more of them on a chip) or move to another form of CPU that doesn't rely on traditional silicon. Either way, Moore's Law would no longer apply. Intel itself has predicted the imminent end of Moore's Law on many occasions, though its most recent prediction is that there is "no end in sight."
Research group iSuppli would beg to differ with that opinion, and says that not only is the end in sight, it's right around the corner: By 2014, the company says Moore's Law will cease to drive chip design, and for a reason unrelated to physics. Rather, it's economics that will kill Moore's Law as we know it.
Read more...But even Moore has cautioned that the Law won't be sustainable forever. The limits of physics -- the size and characteristics of electrons that have to move through these circuits, for example -- mandate that at some point, we'll either have to stop shrinking transistors (which is how you fit more and more of them on a chip) or move to another form of CPU that doesn't rely on traditional silicon. Either way, Moore's Law would no longer apply. Intel itself has predicted the imminent end of Moore's Law on many occasions, though its most recent prediction is that there is "no end in sight."
Research group iSuppli would beg to differ with that opinion, and says that not only is the end in sight, it's right around the corner: By 2014, the company says Moore's Law will cease to drive chip design, and for a reason unrelated to physics. Rather, it's economics that will kill Moore's Law as we know it.
Mars 'Still' A Living Planet: Methane In Atmosphere
·A team of NASA and university scientists has achieved the first definitive detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. This discovery indicates the planet is either biologically or geologically active.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090115164621.htm
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090115164621.htm
The team found methane in the Martian atmosphere by carefully observing the planet throughout several Mars years with NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility and the W.M. Keck telescope, both at Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The team used spectrometers on the telescopes to spread the light into its component colors, as a prism separates white light into a rainbow. The team detected three spectral features called absorption lines that together are a definitive signature of methane.
"Methane is quickly destroyed in the Martian atmosphere in a variety of ways, so our discovery of substantial plumes of methane in the northern hemisphere of Mars in 2003 indicates some ongoing process is releasing the gas," said Michael Mumma of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "At northern mid-summer, methane is released at a rate comparable to that of the massive hydrocarbon seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, Calif."
[...]
Methane, four atoms of hydrogen bound to a carbon atom, is the main component of natural gas on Earth. Astrobiologists are interested in these data because organisms release much of Earth's methane as they digest nutrients.
Read more..."Methane is quickly destroyed in the Martian atmosphere in a variety of ways, so our discovery of substantial plumes of methane in the northern hemisphere of Mars in 2003 indicates some ongoing process is releasing the gas," said Michael Mumma of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. "At northern mid-summer, methane is released at a rate comparable to that of the massive hydrocarbon seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, Calif."
[...]
Methane, four atoms of hydrogen bound to a carbon atom, is the main component of natural gas on Earth. Astrobiologists are interested in these data because organisms release much of Earth's methane as they digest nutrients.
Australian scientists close to solving mystery of teleportation
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,25669608-5005941,00.html?referrer=email&source=DT_email_nl
Australian scientists have developed a new method for transmitting data with light that may lead to super-fast quantum computers and teleportation technology.
The research team from the Australian National University developed a new approach to generating quantum entanglement in beams of light using only two parts.
Quantum entanglement is a process in which two objects are linked together in such a way that any changes to the properties of one can be measured from the other regardless of the distance between them.
This process of linking particles has existed for a few years but team leader Dr Jiri Janousek says this new method allows it to be achieved in a much simpler way.
Read more...
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Australian scientists have developed a new method for transmitting data with light that may lead to super-fast quantum computers and teleportation technology.
The research team from the Australian National University developed a new approach to generating quantum entanglement in beams of light using only two parts.
Quantum entanglement is a process in which two objects are linked together in such a way that any changes to the properties of one can be measured from the other regardless of the distance between them.
This process of linking particles has existed for a few years but team leader Dr Jiri Janousek says this new method allows it to be achieved in a much simpler way.
Read more...
Crop Circles -2009 Update- Numbers 27, 28 & 29
[Formation Nº 27 @ Waden Hill - nr Avebury, Wiltshire - reported June 20, 2009]
[Formation Nº 28 @ Below Milk Hill - nr Alton Barnes, Wiltshire - reported June 21, 2009]
[Formation Nº 29 @ West Kennett - nr Avebury, Wiltshire - reported June 21, 2009]
[Formation Nº 28 @ Below Milk Hill - nr Alton Barnes, Wiltshire - reported June 21, 2009]
[Formation Nº 29 @ West Kennett - nr Avebury, Wiltshire - reported June 21, 2009]
El software libre garantiza el anonimato en internet
·La nueva tecnología asegura el respeto del derecho a la privacidad en la comunicación.
http://www.tendencias21.net/El-software-libre-garantiza-el-anonimato-en-internet_a3391.html
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http://www.tendencias21.net/El-software-libre-garantiza-el-anonimato-en-internet_a3391.html
La frenética actividad de toda la comunidad de internet provoca que continuamente surjan nuevas tecnologías que desafían los nuevos retos. Y este caso no es diferente. Ante la presión de los gobiernos y las empresas por censurar la red, y el progresivo refinamiento de los criminales en internet, la privacidad de los usuarios se ve seriamente amenazada. Frente a eso, recientemente han surgido nuevas estrategias que aseguran el anonimato en internet. Al tratarse de software libre, pueden ser adaptadas para su uso generalizado y además pueden ser usadas libremente.
[...]
La tecnología actual permite que las conexiones puedan ser intervenidas.
En este contexto económico, político y mediático, desde el punto de vista puramente tecnológico la situación es más sencilla. La tecnología actual permite que las conexiones puedan ser intervenidas, y con tiempo descifradas si es que estaban cifradas. Cualquiera con ciertos conocimientos de informática y telecomunicaciones puede hacerlo. La única condición es que la conexión no esté físicamente aislada, o especialmente protegida. Esto se cumple para la práctica totalidad de los usuarios, que no tienen los conocimientos o los medios necesarios para protegerse.
Leer más... [...]
La tecnología actual permite que las conexiones puedan ser intervenidas.
En este contexto económico, político y mediático, desde el punto de vista puramente tecnológico la situación es más sencilla. La tecnología actual permite que las conexiones puedan ser intervenidas, y con tiempo descifradas si es que estaban cifradas. Cualquiera con ciertos conocimientos de informática y telecomunicaciones puede hacerlo. La única condición es que la conexión no esté físicamente aislada, o especialmente protegida. Esto se cumple para la práctica totalidad de los usuarios, que no tienen los conocimientos o los medios necesarios para protegerse.
El capitalismo no da la felicidad
·Los niveles de satisfacción de los ciudadanos se han reducido en los países que abandonaron el socialismo.
http://www.tendencias21.net/El-capitalismo-no-da-la-felicidad,-segun-un-estudio_a3402.html
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http://www.tendencias21.net/El-capitalismo-no-da-la-felicidad,-segun-un-estudio_a3402.html
Un estudio reciente realizado por el economista de la University of Southern California, Richard Easterlin, ha demostrado que la llegada del capitalismo a los países del Bloque del Este no ha supuesto un aumento de la satisfacción general de los ciudadanos de estas naciones. Más bien al contrario: el análisis de las encuestas realizadas al respecto han revelado que la gente es allí, hoy por hoy, más infeliz que nada más caer el Telón de Acero. Parece que los cambios políticos ni el aumento del nivel de vida importan más que cuestiones como la salud, la familia o la profesión, para asegurar la satisfacción vital de los ciudadanos.
La Paradoja de Easterlin
Los resultados de esta investigación redundan en lo planteado por la Paradoja de Easterlin, que es un concepto que pone en cuestión la teoría tradicional económica que afirma que cuanto mayor sea el nivel de ingresos de un individuo, mayor será su nivel de felicidad.
Postulada por el propio Richard Easterlin en 1974, surgió a raíz de la comprobación de que el nivel medio de felicidad que los sujetos dicen poseer no varía prácticamente entre los países ricos y pobres.
Asimismo, el científico descubrió entonces que, aunque los ingresos por persona habían aumentado de manera significativa en los Estados Unidos entre 1946 y 1970, el nivel de felicidad informado por los ciudadanos de este país mostró una tendencia de cambio homogénea, acorde con este crecimiento económico.
Esta teoría sugería, por último, que las políticas gubernamentales, una vez que las necesidades primarias están cubiertas, deberían centrarse en aumentar la satisfacción de los individuos, actuando sobre la Felicidad Interna Bruta, y no en el crecimiento económico.
Leer más...La Paradoja de Easterlin
Los resultados de esta investigación redundan en lo planteado por la Paradoja de Easterlin, que es un concepto que pone en cuestión la teoría tradicional económica que afirma que cuanto mayor sea el nivel de ingresos de un individuo, mayor será su nivel de felicidad.
Postulada por el propio Richard Easterlin en 1974, surgió a raíz de la comprobación de que el nivel medio de felicidad que los sujetos dicen poseer no varía prácticamente entre los países ricos y pobres.
Asimismo, el científico descubrió entonces que, aunque los ingresos por persona habían aumentado de manera significativa en los Estados Unidos entre 1946 y 1970, el nivel de felicidad informado por los ciudadanos de este país mostró una tendencia de cambio homogénea, acorde con este crecimiento económico.
Esta teoría sugería, por último, que las políticas gubernamentales, una vez que las necesidades primarias están cubiertas, deberían centrarse en aumentar la satisfacción de los individuos, actuando sobre la Felicidad Interna Bruta, y no en el crecimiento económico.
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